1) Os hamsters são parasitados pelos Proteus. 2) As amostras isoladas foram identificadas ao Pr. mirabilis de Hauser. 3) O Proteus isolado não revelou ação patogênica sôbre camundongos mas se mostrou patogênico para cobaias. 4) O germen era presente na secreção vaginal de hamsters, na época do cio.

Proteus mirabilis must be considered a normal inhabitant of the intestine of hamsters. It is also found in the vaginal secretion of females of this animal, when in oestrus.

1) As bactérias são lisadas pelos fosfatos, cuja atividade lítica varia com o sal de fosfato, os trivalentes sendo mais ativos. 2) A fosfatólise independente da viabilidade da bactéria. 3) A fosfatólise póde interferir nas suspensões com tampões de fosfatos e na preservação de hemoculturas.

Bacteria are lysed by phosphates in low concentrations. Differences were observed in the lytic activity according to the salt, the trivalente salt being the more active. The lytic action is not always dependent of the living or dead state of the microorganisms. It seems that this "bacterial phosphatolysis" is of importance for the preservation of microorganisms in culture media or in a simple solution containing phosphates.

The progressive intoxication of dogs with Clostridium perfringens toxin promotes degenerative neural lesions analogous to that found in acute intoxication. In progressive intoxication, the neuroglia is more proliferative and the myeline sheats are altered. The alterations were not circunscribed to spinal cord and medulla but were extensive to other nervous organs.

The classification of salmonellae in accordance with the Kauffmann-White schema accepted by the <Salmonella Sub-Committee> presents various inconveniences and difficulties to application. Among these is the necessity of preparing, dosing and preserving a considerable number of specific sera whose validity as is well known, is limited. The criterion of Kauffmann’s classification is exclusively, for it abandoned cultural tests, leaving therefore only a unilateral criterion. By following it one might include Chromobacterium typhi-flavum in the Salmonella genus as well as other bacteria which differ completely from the Salmonella, as long as they are antigenically related. On the other hand, the chart approximates or separates in the different groups of antigen O species or types of salmonellae which are biologically close or almost indistinguishable. The chart has given rise to an excessive number of species and lypes of salmonellae which from 44 in the chart approved by the <Salmonella Sub-Committee> in 1934 rose ro 60 in Bergey’s Manual and everything leads one to believe that the end is not yet for every day new lypes or species are found. And perforce this must be so for new antigenic factors have been found which give rise to new structural combinations. Applying the formula of combinations (formule) to the factors already known, there are probable possibilities of having 260 different antigenic combinations in group A, or 3260 lypes or species if all the flagellate antigens of the other groups should be found, in it combined 2 and 2. Futher applying the formula of combinations to the other groups there would be possibility of so many combinations that the number of salmonellae would exceed the number of known bacterian species or perhaps the number of those existing on earth. Undoubledly Kauffmann-White’s chart is an improvement, but the bacterian analysis made with it was exaggerated and exceeded the limit of the present possibilities of the realities of life. It revealed interesting aspects of the somatic complexity of bacteria but seems untenable because of its use in pratical sense.

Foi pesquisada a produção de H²S em varias espécies da maioria dos gêneros de bactérias heterotróficas com o meio fígado-baço, com indicador de bismuto, ultimamente proposto pelos autores. 2) Todas as espécies submetidas à prova com esse meio se revelaram dotadas da capacidade de decompor os compostos sulfurados do meio de cultura com produção de H²S. 3) Resulta que todas as bactérias heterotroficas produzem H²S. 4) Houve variações no teor de produção entre amostras da mesma espécie, entre espécies do mesmo gênero e de um gênero para outro, computado pelo escurecimento maior ou menor do bismuto. 5) Também houve diferenças entre os especimens experimentados quanto ao tempo que levaram para produzir H²S. 6) E’ proposta a expressão < capacidade sulfidrigena > para a produção de H²S pelas bactérias.

Research on the production of H²S by various species of the majority of the genuses of heterotrophic bacteria was carried out using a liverspleen medium with the bismuth indicator lately proposed by authors. 2) All bacterium species submitted to test on this medium were found capable of decomposing the sulphur compounds in the culture medium with the production of H²S. 3) It was found that all the heterotrophic bacteria produce H²S. 4) there were variations in the amounts produced by different strains of the same species, by different species of the same genus and by different genuses, calculatedby the greater or lesser darkening of the bismuth indicator. 5) There were also differences between the specimens tested as to the time taken for the production of H²S. 6) The expression < sulphydrigenous power > is proposed to designate the propertie of H²S production by bacteria.

a) A junção de extrato de figado-baço ao meio com bismuto se mostrou muito favorável no aumento da produção de H²S pelos clostridios anaerobios. b) O bismuto ajuntado ao meio com extrato fígado-baço revelou maior sensibilidade ao H²S que o meio com ferro de Spray. c) O emprego do meio extrato de fígado-baço-cistina, com indicador de carbonato de bismuto, revelou a produção abundante de H²S por todos os anaeróbios submetidos à prova de produção de H²S, o que não aconteceu com o emprego de ferro como indicador de reação. d) Certas espécies de clostridios possuem capacidade sulfurigena mais precoce e intensa que outras. e) Há variações individuais na precocidade da capacidade sulfurigena dos anaerobios.

a) The addiction of liver-spleen extract to the medium with bismuth seems to have favored greatly the increase of the production of H²S by anaerobic clostridia. b) Bismuth added to the medium with liver-spleen extract showed greater sensibility to H²S than Spray’s medium with iron. c) The employment of the liver-spleen-cystine medium, with bismuth carbonate as indicator, revealed an markedely production of the H²S by all the anaerobi submitted to the H²S production test, which was not the case when iron was used as indicator of the test. d) Some species of clostridia have an earlier and more intense sulphidrigenous capacity than others. e) There are individual variations among anaerobes in their capacity for early production of hydrogen sulphide.

1) O² sob pressão reduz a patogenia de bactérias anaerobias. 2) Esta ação do O² aumenta com o prolongamento da exposição das suspensões bacterianas ao gaz. 3) A redução decorre da morte da maioria das bactérias submetidas á ação do O².

1) O² under pressure reduces the infectiosity of anaerobic bacteria. 2) This action of O² is increased with the lengthening of the time of exposure of the bacterial suspensions to the gas. 30 The reduction in infectivity is due to the death of the greater part of the bacteria submitted to the action of the O².

1 - Anaerobic bacteria of the Clostridium genus acidify mineral media without when agar is added. 2 - Acidulation results from the attack on the agar as a source of carbon. 3 - The quantity of CO² produced by the decomposition of the agar is approximately that obtained with soil bacteria as shown by Waksmann and Diehm working with hemicelluloses. Although galactone is less atacked than the other hemicelluloses the acidity produced is sufficient to disturb the fermentation tests in semi-solid media with agar. 4 - The acidulation of Spray's sugar-free control medium is probably due to the decomposition of the agar by anaerobes. The acidity produced may interfere with the acidity of the fermentation of the sugar in Spray's test or may be added to it, thus giving a false indication of the real acidity.

The writers report experiments performed with filtrates of old cultures od colon bacilli upon the isolated and perfused rabbit gut. According to the experiments the writers suppose to exist one or more substances in the filtrates of old cultures of colon bacilli with physiological activity upon the isolated and perfused rabbit gut. Such activity is essentially characterised by a rapid increase of the intestine tonus. When the Ringer-Tyrode solution containing the filtrate is removed and replaced by a fresh one, the increase of the tonus disappears. Liver-broth medium causes a somewhat increase of the tonus of the gut but much less in intensity.

A ministração a coelhos, pela via digestiva, de leite fresco - crú ou fervido, e de leite fermentado, quer naturalmente, quer artificialmente, pela proliferação de bacilos coli ou aerogenes, não influe na curva de peso de maneira bastante apreciavel. A maior perda de peso, observada num coelho que ingeria leite fresco, não fervido, poude ser attribuida a modificações da flora do intestino e suas consequencias sobre o organismo do animal. Estes resultados estão de accôrdo com observações feitas durante o preparo de sôros immunisantes anti-coli em coelhos, aos quaes propinavamos quantidades consideraveis de corpos bacterianos, sem que lhes occorresse perda significativa de peso.

The propination to rabbits of fresh milk, umboiled or boiled, soured naturally or by means of colon or aerogenes bacilli does not influence notably upon the weight of the animals. The greatest loss of weight observed in a rabbit to which fresh unboiled milk was given during a certain time, could be attributed to the modification of intestinal flora and its consequences on the animal's health. These results agree with our unpublished observations carried on during the preparation of anticolon rabbit serum, when large amounts of colon bacilli were given to rabbits by stomach tube without any noticeable alteration in the weight of the animals.

Leite fresco-crú ou fervido nenhuma acção exerce sobre o tonus de uma preparação de intestino isolado e perfundido, entretanto determina augmento bastante apreciavel da amplitude das contracções rhythmicas. O leite fermentado, natural ou experimentalmente, pela proliferação de bacilos coli ou aerogenes, por espaço de 6 a 24 horas, em estufa a 37° C., determina muitas vezes augmento consideravel do tonus do segmento de intestino, bem assim augmento da amplitude das oscilações phasicas, em todo caso, uma e outra alteração mostrando-se de modo menos energico do que já observaramos com os filtrados de culturas antigas de bacillo coli. A acção sobre o tonus não parece depender da acidez do leite fermentado, desde que ella não desapparece com a neutralisação do leite. De outro lado, uma solução de acído lactíco do mesmo theôr encontrado no leite fermentado, expresso em graus Dornic, não determina augmento do tonus da preparação. O aquecimento até 115° C., ou o resfriamento prolongado a + 3° C., não supprime a actividade do leite fermentado natural - ou artificialmente, no que concerne seus efeitos sobre tonus da preparação de intestino isolado, facto analogo tendo sido já por nós observado com os filtrados de culturas antigas de bacillo coli. A ingestão prévia de filtrados de culturas antigas de bacillo coli, ou de leite fermentado experimentalmente por esse germe, parece determinar uma maior reactividade do segmento de intestino, o que se póde averiguar pelas reacções mais promptas e mais energicas, quando dos ensaios in-vitro com leite fermentado experimentalmente com bacillo coli, em confronto com as experiencias realisadas com intestino de coelhos normaes. O mesmo facto já havia sido por nós observado com os filtrados de culturas antigas de bacillo coli.

Fresh milk, boiled or umboiled, does not have any action on the tonus of a preparation of an isolated and perfused rabbit's gut, however it produces a considerable increase in the height of the rhythmic contractions. Soured milk, naturally fermented or by addition of colon or aerogenes bacilli from 6 to 24 hours at 37° C., may evoke a considerable increase in the tonus of the preparation. Both alterations are, however, not so intense as those obtained with filtrates of old cultures of colon bacilli, as refered to in previous papers. The action on the tonus does not appear to depend onthe acidity of the soured milk because neutralised soured milk does not prevent the phenomenon to be present. On the other hand a lactic acid solution inthe same concentration as the soured milk - expressed by Dornic degrees - does not increase the tonus of the preparation. Heating up to 115° C. or prolonged cooling to + 3° C. does not prevent also the activity of the naturally or artificially soured milk onthe tonus as we have also described with the filtrates of old cultures of colon bacilli. By previous propination to rabbits of filtrates of colon bacilli, or artificially fermented milk by the same bacteria, a great increase of intestinal reactions was noticed, as compared with experiments performed upon the intestine of normal rabbits. Identical results were also obtained with filtrates of cultures of colon bacilli, as referred to previously.